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File Format | PDFFile Size | 1.0 MBPages | 208
Language | EnglishCategory | WorldDescription: Gaddis points out that while the historical method is more sophisticated than most historians realize, it doesn't require unintelligible prose to explain. Like cartographers mapping landscapes, historians represent what they can never replicate.
In doing so, they combine the techniques of artists, geologists, paleontologists, and evolutionary biologists. Their approaches parallel, in intriguing ways, the new sciences of chaos, complexity, and criticality.They don't much resemble what happens in the social sciences, where the pursuit of independent variables functioning with static systems seems increasingly divorced from the world as we know it. So who's really being scientific and who isn't? This question too is one Gaddis explores, in ways that are certain to spark interdisciplinary controversy. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 4.06 MBPages | 246
Language | EnglishCategory | WorldDescription: The year 1543 marked the beginning of a new global consciousness in Japan with the arrival of storm-blown Portuguese merchants on Tanegashima Island in southern Japan. As other Portuguese rapidly followed, Japan soon became aware of a world beyond India.
While this is not a new story, it is the first time that Japanese, Portuguese, and other European accounts have been brought together and presented in English. The arrival of the Portuguese was recorded in the Tanegashima Kafu, the Teppoki, and the Kunitomo teppoki, which are translated and presented together with European reports. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 4.70 MBPages | 327
Language | EnglishCategory | MilitaryDescription: Once warfare became established in ancient civilizations, it's hard to find any other social institution that developed as quickly. In less than a thousand years, humans brought forth the sword, sling, dagger, mace, bronze and copper weapons, and fortified towns.
The next thousand years saw the emergence of iron weapons, the chariot, the standing professional army, military academies, general staffs, military training, permanent arms industries, written texts on tactics, military procurement, logistics systems, conscription, and military pay.By 2,000 B.C.E., war was an important institution in almost all major cultures of the world. This book shows readers how soldiers were recruited, outfitted, how they fought, and how they were cared for when injured or when they died. It covers soldiers in major civilizations from about 4000 B.C.E. to about 450 C.E. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 1.52 MBPages | 402
Language | EnglishCategory | WorldDescription: The State: is the most powerful of political ideas but where does it come from? This broad-ranging new study traces the history of the word and the concept back to the systems of law and justice created by medieval kings and shows how legal institutions acquired political force.
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File Format | PDFFile Size | 2.36 MBPages | 152
Language | EnglishCategory | WorldDescription: There are many stories we can tell about the past, and we are not, perhaps, as free as we might imagine in our choice of which stories to tell, or where those stories end. John Arnold's addition to Oxford's popular Very Short Introductions series is a stimulating essay about how people study and understand history.
The book begins by inviting us to think about various questions provoked by our investigation of history, and then explores the ways in which these questions have been answered in the past. Such key concepts as causation, interpretation, and periodization are introduced by way of concrete examples of how historians work, thus giving the reader a sense of the excitement implicit in discovering the past--and ourselves.The aim throughout History: A Very Short Introduction is to discuss theories of history in a general, pithy, and accessible manner, rather than delve into specific periods. This is a book that will appeal to all students and general readers with an interest in history or historiography. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 2.08 MBPages | 228
Language | EnglishCategory | EconomyDescription: The Complete Book of Greed romps through the history of human avarice to expose a trove of unimaginable extravagance. From the ancient Egyptian pharaohs - who filled their massive burial pyramids with gold in hopes of "taking it with them" - to today's oil sheiks and corporate chieftains,
Goldberg humorously details the bizarre lifestyles of the rich and greedy down through the ages, including the wife who was awarded the largest divorce settlement in history - $950 million plus property; the billionaire who installed a pay telephone in his mansion for use by his guests; the maharajah who made his six Rolls-Royces into garbage trucks; the spectacular swindle that caused Barbara Walters, Alan Alda, Barbra Streisand, and the chairmen of Pepsico, Citicorp, and General Electric to lose hundreds of thousands of dollars; and the $100 million party that was held in 62 tents spread over 160 acres. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 2.58 MBPages | 453
Language | EnglishCategory | MilitaryDescription: German armies examines the diversity of German involvement in European conflict from the Peace of Westphalia to the age of Napoleon. Challenging assumptions of the Holy Roman Empire as weak and divided, this study provides a comprehensive account of its survival in a hostile environment of centralizing belligerent states.
In contrast to the later german states, the Empire was inherently defensive, yet many of its component territories embarked on expansionist, militaristic policies, creating their own armies to advance their objectives. The author examines the resultant tensions and explains the structure and role of the different German forces.In addition, a number of wider issues are addressed, such as war and the emergence of absolutism, the rise of Austria and Prussia as great powers, non-violent forms of conflict resolution and the relative effectiveness of German military and political institutions in meeting the challenge of revolutionary France. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 6.06 MBPages | 718
Language | EnglishCategory | CivilizationDescription: This Companion provides a comprehensive introduction to key topics in the study of ancient history.
Examines the forms of evidence, problems, approaches, and major themes in the study of ancient historyComprises more than 40 essays, written by leading international scholarsMoves beyond the primary focus on Greece and Rome with coverage of the various cultures within the ancient MediterraneanDraws on the latest research in the fieldProvides an essential resource for any student of ancient history. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 1.0 MBPages | 279
Language | EnglishCategory | MilitaryDescription: Ranging from Marathon to Waterloo, this classic of military history chronicles battles that changed the course of history. Originally published in 1851, at the zenith of British imperial power, it found an eager audience of readers who wanted to understand how Britain had achieved its tremendous influence and how long it would last. Since then, these chronicles of ancient and modern military confrontations have informed and inspired generations of students and armchair historians.
Educated at Eton College and the University of Cambridge, Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy was called to the Bar in 1837, appointed to the faculty of the University of London in 1840, and served as Chief Justice of Ceylon from 1860 to 1870. Creasy's scholarship and literary skill are complemented by his judicial attitude, which endows this book with a fair-minded, nonpartisan approach. He prefaces each battle with an introduction that explains the circumstances surrounding the war, as well as an afterword that considers how history might have changed had victory gone to the other side. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 2.07 MBPages | 412
Language | EnglishCategory | WorldDescription: Since humans migrated from Africa and dispersed throughout the world, they have found countless ways and reasons to reconnect with each other. In this entertaining book, Nayan Chanda follows the exploits of traders, preachers, adventurers, and warriors throughout history as they have shaped and reshaped the world. For Chanda, globalization is a process of ever-growing interconnectedness and interdependence that began thousands of years ago and continues to this day with increasing speed and ease.
In the end, globalization—from the lone adventurer carving out a new trade route to the expanding ambitions of great empires—is the product of myriad aspirations and apprehensions that define just about every aspect of our lives: what we eat, wear, ride, or possess is the product of thousands of years of human endeavor and suffering across the globe. Chanda reviews and illustrates the economic and technological forces at play in globalization today and concludes with a thought-provoking discussion of how we can and should embrace an inevitably global world. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 2.14 MBPages | 193
Language | EnglishCategory | WorldDescription: For many centuries, the world of Islam was in the forefront of human achievement--the foremost military and economic power in the world, the leader in the arts and sciences of civilization. Christian Europe, a remote land beyond its northwestern frontier, was seen as an outer darkness of barbarism and unbelief from which there was nothing to learn or to fear.
And then everything changed, as the previously despised West won victory after victory, first in the battlefield and the marketplace, then in almost every aspect of public and even private life. In this intriguing volume, Bernard Lewis examines the anguished reaction of the Islamic world as it tried to understand why things had changed--how they had been overtaken, overshadowed, and to an increasing extent dominated by the West. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 1.17 MBPages | 225
Language | EnglishCategory | WorldDescription: This book provides an analysis of the development and deployment of chemical weapons from 700 BC to the present day. The First World War is examined in detail since it remains the most significant experience of the chemical threat, but the Second World War and post-war conflicts are also evaluated.
Additionally, protocols attempting to control the proliferation and use of chemical weapons are assessed. Finally, the book examines the threat (real and imagined) from a chemical warfare attack today by rationally assessing to what extent terrorist groups around the world are capable of making and using such weapons. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 19.5 MBPages | 488
Language | EnglishCategory | MythologyDescription: In Supernatural Graham Hancock sets out to investigate this mysterious "before-and-after moment" and to discover the truth about the influences that gave birth to the modern human mind.
His quest takes him on a journey of adventure and detection from the stunningly beautiful painted caves of prehistoric France, Spain and Italy to remote rock shelters in the mountains of South Africa where he finds a treasure trove of extraordinary Stone Age art.He uncovers clues that lead him to travel to the depths of the Amazon rainforest to drink the powerful plant hallucinogen Ayahuasca with Indian shamans, whose paintings contain images of "supernatural beings" identical to the animal-human hybrids depicted in prehistoric caves and rock shelters. And hallucinogens such as mescaline, also produce visionary encounters with exactly the same beings. Scientists at the cutting edge of consciousness research have begun to consider the possibility that such hallucinations may be real perceptions of other "dimensions".Could the "supernaturals" first depicted in the painted caves and rock shelters be the ancient teachers of mankind? Could it be that human evolution is not just the "blind", "meaningless" process that Darwin identified, but something else, more purposive and intelligent, that we have barely even begun to understand? - Download | FreeAbout The File:
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File Format | PDFFile Size | 3.04 MBPages | 165
Language | EnglishCategory | ChristianityDescription: The Reformation was a seismic event in European history, one which left an indelible mark on the modern world. In this Very Short Introduction, Peter Marshall illuminates the causes and consequences of this pivotal movement in western Christianity. The Reformation began as an argument about what Christians needed to do to be saved, but rapidly engulfed society in a series of fundamental changes.
This book provides a lively and up-to-date guide that explains doctrinal debates in a clear and non-technical way, but also explores the effects the Reformation had on politics, society, art, and minorities. Marshall argues that the Reformation was not a solely European phenomenon, but that varieties of faith exported from Europe transformed Christianity into a truly world religion.The complex legacy of the Reformation is also assessed. Its religious fervor produced remarkable stories of sanctity and heroism, and some extraordinary artistic achievements. But violence, holy war, and martyrdom were equally its products. A paradox of the Reformation--that it intensified intolerance while establishing pluralism--is one we still wrestle with today. - Download | FreeAbout The File:
File Format | PDFFile Size | 4.38 MBPages | 221
Language | EnglishCategory | ChristianityDescription: Six million Jews dead. The monstrosity of Adolf Hitler's 'Third Reich' remains a stunning chapter in the pages of history. Although the power by which he hypnotized an entire nation is legendary, one question in particular begs an answer: Where was the church of Christ? Seduced by the satanic majesty of the Fuhrer, church leaders throughout Germany allowed the swastika a prominent place alongside the Christian cross in their sanctuaries. Nationalistic pride replaced the call of God to purity, and with few exceptions, the German church looked away while Adolf Hitler implemented the 'Final Solution' to his Jewish problem. How did this happen?
In Hitler's Cross, Erwin W. Lutzer examines the dangers of confusing "church and state," how the German church lost its focus, the role of God in human tragedy, the parameters of Satan's freedom, the faithfulness of God to His people who suffer for Him, and America's hidden cross-her dangerous trends. Hitler's Cross is the story of a nation whose church forgot its primary call and discovered its own failure after it was too late.
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